· learnings  · 3 min read

Linux学习日志 Ⅲ

Mount
建立mount point, 其实就是用mkdir建一个目录
# mount -t

以下是mount不同设备的方法:
# mount -t msdos -o ro /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy
# mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb
# mount -t udf /dev/hdb1 /mnt/dvd
# mount -t iso9660 /dev/hdc1 /mnt/cdrom
# mount -t ext3 -o rw /dev/hda2 /home/staff

********************************
–hd* for IDE devices eg hard disk drives, CDs
–sd* for SCSI, SATA or USB devices
–fd* for floppy disks
********************************

系统boot时,自动mount的设备(Unless “noauto” option is listed)
Specified mount points, file system types, options etc for each device are stored in /etc/fstab

用完mount之后一般都要解除mount:
# umount

网络文件系统
标准协议有NFS (Network File System), CIFS (Common Internet File System)

设置NFS(Important)
在server side:
1. 配置/etc/exports
/home/user1/share    s622-81.fit.qut.edu.au(rw)    //read, write
/home/user2/project   *.qut.edu.au(ro)                //read only
/home/user3/pub       131.181.116.81(ro)

2. # service portmap restart
# service nfs restart

在client side:
# showmount -e
–    Lists directories (shares) exported by server
# mount -t nfs
●    share is
–    :
–    eg files.fit.qut.edu.au:/home/n1234567/task

Quotas
一般用在home目录和一些数据目录,不用在系统盘。

察看文件系统容量(Checking File System Capacity)
use “df” command
–    Lists size and usage of mounted file systems
–    Enables monitoring of available space, and space used

Quota磁盘限额的具体步骤:
1.修改/etc/fstab文件
Ex. 在”/“下面建quota
/dev/sda1          /            ext2          defaults,usrquota      1     1
------------------------------------------------------------------- –    “usrquota” for user level quotas
–    “grpquota” for group level quotas
-------------------------------------------------------------------

2.重启机器。

3.建立quota管理文件
quotacheck -avug
---------------------------------------------------------------------- a — 检查所有启用了配额的在本地挂载的文件系统
v — 在检查配额过程中显示详细的状态信息
u — 检查用户磁盘配额信息
g — 检查组群磁盘配额信息
----------------------------------------------------------------------

4.配置Quota限额:
edquota

  配置过期时间(可选)
edquota -t
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Soft and Hard Limits
●Hard limit cannot be exceeded
●Soft limit can be exceeded for grace period
●Grace period resets once soft limit no longer exceeded
●Example of block limits
–Soft limit: 600000 blocks
–Grace period: 7 days
–Hard limit: 900000 blocks
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.启动
quotaon  (关闭:quotaoff)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other useful commands:
●    “repquota” - produce quota report
●    “warnquota” - configure action on limit breach
●    “quota” - check own quota
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

***************************
数据储存方式:
–    local data storage
–    file servers
–    live mirrors (eg RAID)
–    storage area networks
***************************

  

      

        

          
备份 (backup)
建立(create):
tar -cvf.tar

/
tar -czvf.tgz/

提取(extracting):
tar -xvf.tar
tar -xzvf.tgz

察看(testing/viewing):
tar -tvf.tar
tar -tzvf.tgz

--------------------------------------------------------- ●“tar” command line
tar
●Some useful options
    -t          list contents of tar archive
    -c      create new tar archive
    -x      extract files from tar archive
    -z     compress/uncompress files
    -f    required before tar filename
---------------------------------------------------------

***************************************************************
Scheduling Backups
Testing Backups

What to Backup
● Data
● System and Configuration

Types of Backup
●Full
  –Entire system
●Differential or delta
  –Changed or new files since last full backup
●Incremental
  –Only changed or new files since last full or differential or incremental backup

(Incremental and Differential Backups:
Quicker to backup,
Use less storage space,
Slower to restore)
****************************************************************

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